Aeroplane.



A. E'. W. MAGMANUS AEROPLANB.

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1,010,932. l Patented Dec.5,1911.

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A. F. W. MACMANUS.

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yPPIIIUTIDI" FILED Nov. 26, 1909. V

Patented 1111115.11111 s Sunnis-sum1' 2.

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A. F. W. MAGMANUS.

EBOPLANB.

APPLIUATIOI FILED HOY. 2B, 1909.

1,00,932. Y Patented Dee. 5, 1911.

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1,010,932. Patented Dec. 5, 1911.

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A 1,010,92.V Patented Deo.5,1911.

EBHEETS-SHEET QKQW AUGUSTUS F. W. MACMANUS, F SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.

AEROPLANE.

Speclcation o! Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 5. 1911.

Application tiled November 26, 1909. VSerial No. 528,965.

'1'0 all whom it may concern.'

'Be it'known that. 1, AUGUSTUS F. W. Muimxvs, a citizen of the United States, residing at San Antonio, in the county of Bexar and State of Texas, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Aeroplani-s, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to flying machines, and moreparticularly to "heavier-themen flying nuurhines.

An important object of my invention is to provide a flying machine, embodying automatic means for completely retainin the equilibrium of the same, during its Aliig t.

A further object of my invention is to provide a flying machine embodying means for automatically preventing the body planes of the same from being inclined to the course of Hight, the said automatic means Abeing convertible into manually operative means., whereby the machine inay be raised and lowered.

'The final objectvof my invention is to provide a flying machine, which will always be under complete control of the operator, and which will normally pursue a horizontal .straightV flight when propelled through the air.

My machine consists generally of superposed body-planes arranged transversely to the course of flight. means for preventing the lateral tilting of said body planes, and means for preventing said body planes from tilting upon their longitudinal axes for assuluing inclined positions with relation to the course of tlight of the machine.

In the accompanying drawings, formin a part of this speciticatiom'and in whi'c like nuuurrals of reference are used to designate like -parts throughout the same, Figure 1 is a perspective view of my machine.. Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the same'. Fig. 2 is a rear view of my device.'

Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional View of a device used to operate the forward horizontal rudder. Fig. 4 is a fragmentary view of the frame within which the passenger plat form swings, showing in perspective one of.

the bumpers. .Fig. 5 is a perspectiveview of the. horizontal equihhrlum retaining pla-nes. and actuating means therefor. Fig. v

t3 is a fragmentary view of the motor platform, and members associated therewith. Fig. is a perspective view of the rear vertical rudder. Fig. B is an enlarged fragmentary view of a portion of the motorplatform, showing in detai! one of the rollers secured thereto. Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the passenger platform, and ciatcd members. Fig. 10 is an enlarged perspective view of a device used to lock the passenger-platform to` the frame within which the same is arranged. Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a modified form of con nectlng means between the pdsseuger )latform and the forward horizontal ru der. Fig. 12 is a fragmentary perspective view of thepasscnger-platform and frame within which the same is arranged, and showing in perspective members associated therewith. Fig. 13 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the forward horizontal rudoer. Fig. 14 is a front view of the passengerr platform, and Fig. 15 is a fragmentar perspective view of one of the supports or the motor platform, showing in perspective a device for coverin ,an opening 1n a plane through which t 1e support extends.

In the preferred embodiment of my invention as shown, 1 and 2 designate superposed body-planes -Which are arranged transversely to the line of fiigh't of the machine and are connected upon the forward and rear edges thereof by means of spaced parallelV vertical uprights 3 and 4 respectively, which arc braced by. the diagonally arranged wires 5 connected thereto. The body planes 1 and 2 are provided at the ends thereof with U-shaped brackets 6 and 7, which are in alinement-'with each other arid with the central longitudinal axes of said body-planes 1 and 2. The U-shaped brack ets 6 and 7 are braced by means of the wires 8 and 9, which are connected thereto and to the corners of the body planes 1 and 2. Near and e uidistantly spaced away from the U-sha e brackets 6 and 7 respectively, areuprg ts 10 and 11, which are also in alinementwith said U-sha ed brackets. Between the U-shaped brac et 6 and upright 10. is pivotally secured an equilibrium retaining plane 12,i provided with the trunnions 13 and 14 arran edwithin the central lon itudinal axis of t e plane 12 and rotatab yY mounted within the U-shaped bracket 6 and the upright 10 respectively, and near the centers thereof. Between the U-shaped bracket ,7' and the u )right 11, is arranged a corresponding equi ibrlum retaining plane 15, provided with the trunnions 1(3 and 17 arranged within the central longitudinal axis of the plane 15 and rotatably mounted within tho U-sbapcd bracket T and the upright 11 respectively. The equilibrium remining' planes 15 and 12, are in horizontal alumna-nt with each other when they as ouinlheir normal horizontal. position.

l will non proceed to explain the means by which the equilibrium-feminin planes -l and l5 may be inclined lonvitudinally to f lw course of flight of the mac line.

"lhe upper plane 1, is provided with strips 1T" longitudinal of th 'machine, which are spaced from each other and arranged ucar and equidistantly from the central transverse axis of the plane 1. The strips 17 are arranged upon the' up er side ot transverse rods 18 and 19, whxci form the forward and rcar edges of the upper plane 1, respectively and "e secured to said rods ldand ,19 by any suit-able means, as at 20. The strips 1? extend forwardly be ond the forward edge-rod 18, for a purpose ereinafter to be explained and said strips 17' support spaced strips 21 and 22, which are parallel with each other and arranged at substantially right. angles to said stri s 17, :ind said strips 21 and 22 are provided at the. middle thereofy with the depending brackets 23 and 24 respectively, which are suitably secured thereto. The strip 22 is arranged near the rear-edge stri 19, while the strip 21 is farther remove from the forwardedge strip 18. Within the dependingr brackets 23 and 24, is mounted a shaft 25 which is provided near its center with a ro tatable sleeve 27, which in turn is provided at its forward end with a. fixed sprocket wheel 2li and at its rear end with fixed sprocket wheels 27 and 28. l

Loosely mounted upon the shaft 25, between and near the brackets 23 and 24, are the supports 2E) and 30 respectively, which have their lower ends secured to a., platform 31, carrying a motor 32, which is the source of ower for operating the propcllers herona 'er to bc described. The supports 29 and 30 are further connected to the platform 31, which l will now term the motonplatform, by means of dia onal brace wire-1 33 and 34 respectively whic i are connected to said platform 31 near the cor ners thereof. l

Near the equilibriuiwretainin planes 12 and 15 are arranged bell-cran -levers 35, 3G and 37, 3S respectively. The forward bell-crank levers 35 and 37 are pivotally mounted upon thc outer uprights 3 near the end of said planes 1 and`2, said bell-crank levers 35 and 37 being oppositcly arranged and connected 'to thcfforward edge ofdhc equilibrium retaining planes 12 and 15 rcspectivcly, by means o pivotal links 3f! and 40. The bell-crank levers 3G and 3S are pivotally connected to the uprighl's t near the ends of said plaines 1 und 2 and are conuected to the equilibrium retaining planes 12 and 15 at the rear edge thereof by means of pivotal links 41. and 42 respectively. The bell-crank levers 35 and 3G cre oppositely arran ed with relation to each other and the bell-,crank levers 37 and 38 have the same relative arran ement reversed. The forward bell-cran levers 35 and 37 are pivotally connected to the support 29 b ,means of rods 43 and 44 respectively, and he rear bell-crank levers 36 and 38 are connected to the support 30 by means of the pivotally connected rods 45 and 46. This arrangement of the e uilibrium retainin planes 12 and 15 and t e means by whic they are connected to the supports 29 and 30, is similar to the construction 4shown in m cocnding application bearing the .Serial Tumher 518,208.

The equilibrium-retaining planes 12 and 15, as shown in Fig. 5,' are rigid and are adapted to be inclined at an angle to the :course of ight without being flexed. 1 desire it understood however, t at I may substitute flexible planes for the rigid planes 12 and 15, and the actuating members for the same will be slightly' modified, in a similar manner as described in my said pendin application.

The ower body plane 2 is provided at its center with s rectangular openinnr 47 extending transversely thereof the entire width of the plane 2, and within this opening 47 and below plane 2 is arranged the motor-plat--- form 31 above referred to. The uprlghts 3 and 4 arran ed upon the forward and rear edges of the ody planes 1 and 2 and adjacent the opening 47, are produced to extend down' below the body plane 2 and are connectedby horizontally arran ed strips 48 hcreinaftento be described. etween the produced uprights 3 and 4 below plane 2 and in horizontal alinement with the platform '31, are arrange-d horizontal curved strips 49 upon each side of said platform 31. lt will be obvious by reference to Fig. 1 that the opening 47 in plane 2 is relatively large and unless this opening is covered, the. resisting elliciericy of said plane. 2 would be 'greatly reduced.' I overcome this however, by employing sections of acciirdion-plaitcd material 50, which arc secured to each side of the motor-platform 31 and to thc curved "luirizontal stri s 492 Each of the sections of accordionaitcd material is prevented from saggmgliy means of rods 51, which are pivotally connected tothe. edge of thc platform 31 as at 52 and extends through open'- ings 53 in the said aczordion-plaited malcrial 50, and through a screw-eye 54 secured upon tho strip 49. It is to be understood that the rod lil4 is slidahly mounted within the screw-eye 54, and is provided with an enlarged end 55 which will prevent. the same from beinY drawn out of said screw-c c 54.

Connected to the curved rods ,49 near the forward and rear ends thereof are spaced transversely arranged guide-strips 56 which are engaged by rollers 57 mounted upon the forward and rear edges of the motor platform 31. The rollers 57 are arranged vertically and are of suilicicnt length to remain in engagement with said guide-strips t when said planes 1 and 2 are tilted laterally. Each of the rollers 57 is arranged 4 within a bracket :38 which is secured to the platform 31 by means of bolts .59, and said roller 57 is further arranged in a semi-circular recess 60 vformed upon the ledge of the'platform 31. v

Arranged above the opening 47 and a proximately equidistant from the bof y l planes 1 and'2 and between the same, is a orizontally arranged plane '6 1 which is `secured near its corners tothe prolonged nprights 3 and 4 as at 62, said plane G1 being provided with a centrally `arranged lon gitudinal opening 63, for a purpose hereinafter to be described. The plane G1 is further provided With longitudinal tipeniogs 64, through which extend the supports 29 and 30. 1n order that the pressure resistin f efficiency of the plane 61 may not be reduce: I provide a means for coveriti the openings 64,-wliich coverinvr will a mit of the relative movement of plaane 61 with the uprights .29 and 30. The covering for each of theopenin .sz-64 4is .similar and I will thereA fore descri Je only one of them. The covering comprises a section of flexible material 65, such as canvas, which is secured at its middle to the support 29, by the said stipport 29 passing through it, as shown in Fig. 15. This section of material 65 is arranged below and adja'cent the plane 61 so as to cover the opening 64 and is rovided upon the ends thereof'witli metallic brackets 66, each provided Iwith an aperture 67, within which is arranged one end of a retractileA coil spring 68;' which has `its opposite end bent to form the hooked'portion 69. The retractile coil s 4rings 68 are suitably secured to the un er 4surface of plane 61, as to allow ofrelative vmovement between planland th section of flexible material 65,l it being-4in rstood thatthe section 65 is made considerably larger than the open- -ing 64. Arran edupon.the vertical prolonged .standard 4 near feach side of said opcnin 47 and u on thcrear edges of said 1' body p gnes 1 an 2, are vertically arranged planes 70. The planes 70 are of similar di` niensions and are mounted upon the prolonged uprights 4 in a similar manner. a'nd therefore l will describe only one of them.

Each of the planes 7() is provided upon the rear edge thereof at the upper and lower ends, with ears 71 which surround` said upright 4 and are supported and prevented from displacement by sleeves 72 rigidly secured upon said prolonged upriglits 4. It is to be understood from this construction that the pulanc 70 is free to be swung upon the prolonged upright 4 as an axis. Plane 7() is further provided near the upper end thereof and near its 'forward edge, willi the connecting rod 73 which is pivotally connected to said vertical plane 7() and the rear support 30. The vertical plane T0 is further provided near its lower edge with a horizontally arranged slot 74, through which extends the rod which connects said support 3() to one of the bell-crank levers. The normal position of each of the planes 70 is shown in Fig. 1. Upon the lateral tilting of the planes 1 and 2, and for the sake of illustration we assume that the right end of the planes 1 and 2 is lowered, the vertical plane 70 nearer said right end will be swung toward the same, while the vertical plane nearer the left end of planes 1 and 2 which is the high end, will be swung away from said left end. 'hen the right .end of the planes 1 and 2 are lowered, the motor platform 31 will be arranged nearer the saine, and for this reason greater resistance will be offered to the 'right end of the machine, during its flight which would tend `to cause the same tochange from its normal straight line of Hight. Vhen, however, the vertical plane 70 nearer said right end is swung toward the'same, it will assume a position approximately transverse to the iody planes 1 and 2 and will resent its forward edge to the course of dight, thus rreducing the resistance which is offered by thc same when it is arranged at an angle to the c ou'rse of flight, as shown in Fig. 1. On the other hand the vertical plane 70 .nearer the higher left end of the planes 1 and 2 will be swung to a position approximately parallel with the longitudinal edges ofis'aid planes 1 and 2, and hence the resistance normally offered by the same will be increased. The purpose of the equalizing vertical planes 70 is therefore to compensate for the resistance due to the relative position of the platform 31.

'I` he horizontal trps, which are secured to and connect the p lolongcd vertical nprights 3 and 4.as above statcrhextend forwardlyin such horizontal positioiisfor a considerable distance and then extend upwardly as at 75, for a purpose to he explained. Secured to the forward nido-strip t is a forwardly extending'U- aped frame 7G which is supported at its forward end b braces 78 which are suitably securedto sai U-shaped frame and to said horizontal strips 48. The U- shaped frame 76 is further supported near the rear end thereof by means of bra'ces 79. The horizontally arranged strips 48, are connected by means of the transverse stri 80 secured to the same adjacent the ends o the y braces 79 and the prolonged uprights 3, and said strips '48 are; connected forwardly of said strip 80 by means of the second transverse strip 81 secured to the horizontal strips 48 adjacent said braces 78. As above stated the strips 17 extend forward?1 beyond the body lane 1, and each o said strips 17 is rovi ed with a member 82 which has the bo y portion thereof secured upon the upper side of said strip 17 by means of bolts 83 and which has its forward end bifurcated .to form spaced ears 84.

Between the spaced ears 84 is arranged the reduced up Ar end 85 of a support 86, said reduced en being held in place by means of a bolt 87 assing through the same and vthrough said spaced-ears 84,' whereby the su ports 86 may be swung fore and aft with reliition to the bodyplanes land 9. The supports 8G are similar and extend downwardly for rigid engagement with the platform 88, which may be termed the passenger-platform. The supports 8G are further connected to the passen ier-platform 88 by means of brace wires l89 w iich are secured thereto and to the cornersof the passengerplatform. The passenger-platform 88 is arranged within tie U-shaped frame i't, and is provided with rollers 90 upon the opposite A ends thereof, which are ladapted to permaneatly engage opposite sides of said U- shaped frame 76, whereby the passengerplatform is guided during the relative movelnent of the said U-shaped frame TG and the same. The object of the passenger platform 88 is to carry the operator of the machine and to automaticall \y actuate a forward horizontal roddel' mechanism which is adapted to raise and lower`tbe machine. lThe passenger-phltform 88 is pivotally supported as above statcd.` and wil therefore assume a vertical position during the course of tlight of the machine. lf the body planes 1 and 2 should become inclined upon their transverse axes-'so as lto he' disposed at an angle to the course of flight.` the passenger Aplatform 88 and nprightsl 8G will act. as a pendulum or plumb weight. and maintain the normal vertical position of said sup mrts 8G, while the machine 'as a .whole and the U- shaped frame TG will be swung fore and aft with relation to the platform 8S. ln order that the platform 88 and the U-shaped fraaie 'TG within which the same is arranged may The U-shaped frame 76 is further provided upon opposite sides thereof with bumpers 93 which may engage the forward edge of theA passenger latform 88. The rear ends of the U-shape. frame 76 adjacent the guide stri 56,are provided with L-sha ed bumpers 94 aving angular ends 95 wliich are secured to said U-shaped frame 76 and to the guide-strip 56, This L-shaped bumper 94 limits the relative movement between the entire machine and the platform 88 and also serves as a brace between the U-shaped frame T6 and the guide-strip 56, to which the same is secured. By reference to Fig. 1 it will be seen, that. owing to 4the position of the passenger-platform 88 and the U-shaped frame within which the salue is arranged. the machine will be heavier forward of the longitudinal central axes of the body planes 1 and '2. and hence the planes 1 and 2 will have a tendency to assume downwardly inclined positions with relation to the course ofjlight. lt is obvious therefore thatthc principal object in employing the forward horizontal lrudder mechanism above referred to is to overcome this downward inclination of planes 1 and 9. and lt is also true that the .platform S8 within the U-shaped frame 76 will b`e actuated rearwardly more th'an forwardly. as will appear hereinafter.

As before stated, the horizontal strips 48 extend upwardly as at and are connected at their forward ends by a'transverse rod UG, to which is secured a section of a ticxihle member 97 having a spring *JS connected thereto, the op ,insite end of said sections 9i' being arranged within an eve-screw llt) secured upon the lower surface of the passenfrer-platforln 8S at the middle thereof. alu the lexible member 9T is wound around a spool 100 which is rigidly secured upon a rotatable pin 101 arranged upon and near one end o the passenger platform said pin 101 being provided with an operating wheel 102. The pin 101 is further provided above the platform S8 with a sprocket wheel 103 rigidlv secured thereto, and near which is pivotal y mounted a pawl 104 adapted to be arranged between the teeth of the sprocket wheel 103,'fo1"locking the pin 101,

in a rigid iositon. 'lhe' purpose of the` flexible mem )er 97 anil thc associated nicmbers above described will be explained heroinafter. Each ofthe upwardly extending portions 75 of the horizontal strips 4S has secured upon its upper end a vertically arlili) lli' ranged rod 105. The vertical rods 105 upon each of the portions 75 are united by trans verse horizontal members 106 and 107 near the lower and up er ends ofthe same respectively. The orwardly extendin 'portions 75 are connected to the forwar edge of the upper bod `plane 1 by means of diagonally dispose rods 108 and 100, while said vertical members 105 secured upon the forwardly projectin lportions 75, are connected to the forwar edge of the lower body plane 2 b v means of diagonal rods 110. The transverse horizontal members106 and 10j' are rotatably mounted within the vertical members 105 and have rigidly secured theretothe superposed planes 111 and 112, which are secured to the rotatable rods 106 and 'l 10T at the central longitudinal-axes of the same. The planes 111 and 112 are normally arranged in a horizontal position and are f flexible. The forward and rear ed es of the Vare arranged arrangedv the pending arm pen ing arm 126, being planes 111 and 112 are rovided with strips 113 and 114 through w ich and said planes eye-bolts 115, within which 4are hooked ends of rigid connecting rods 116. Each of the'vertical members 105 is provided near ythe middle thereof with a forwardly arranged bracket 117 secured thereto by means of bolts 118 and through which is rotatably mounted the shaft 119. Rigidly secured to the shaft 119, are operating levers 120 which are pivotally connected tothe rigid members 116 as at 121. The shaft 119 is further provided at one side of the vertical rudder 122 hereinafter to be described, with a depending arm 123 which is rigidly secured to the shaft 119, The de- 123 has itslower end pivotally connected as at 124, to a rod 125 which has the inner end thereofwpivotall connected to a de. nding arm 126 as at 12 the said derigdly mounted upon a shaft 127* which 1s in turn rotatably mounted on the supports 86. The shaft 127* isu'orovided at one side of the depending army 126 with a sprocket wheel 128 aroun which is trained a spfocket chain 129, which also engages a larger sprocket wheel 130 rotatably mounted upon a pin 131 supported by a bracket 132 rigidlysecured upon the platform 88. The sprocket wheel 130 is provided with handles 133 which are diametri' cally arranged upon the sam The pin 131 extends forwardly through .sprocket wheel 130 and is screw-threaded as at 134 for the reception of the smaller clamping wheel 135 provided Wit-h handles 136, ad the pin 131 is provided with a head 137 which revents the clamping wheel 135 from wor 'ng of the same. The object of the clamping wheel 135 is to rigidly engage, u on. being rotated, the sprocket wheel 130 an revent the same from havi rotation until manually released. `It is also necessary tosometimes lock the passenger platform 88 the U.-

shaped frames 76, as will appear herein after. For this purpose l may employ the device illustrated in Fig. 10, which may be applied-tp one side of thtl U-slmpetl frame T6 or to both'sifles. This device comprises a body portion 138 which is .secured to one side of the U-shaped frame T6. and upon the body p'ortion 138 is pivotally mounted an outer shaped member 130 provided with an ear 140, and within the U-shaped member 139 is piyotally mounted a smaller member 141 also provided with an ear 142. The passenger-platform 88 is provided near one end thereof with spaced pins 143, between which the outer U-shaped member 139 is adapted to it snugly. It is obvious by referring to Figs. 0 and l0, that when the U-sha ed member 139 is arranged between the plus 143 that the platform 88 and the U-shaped frame are'rigdy locked together. If, however, theU-shaped member 139 is swung back out of-engagement with the pins` 143 and the smaller member 141 is swung downwardly to assume a'position between the same, the U-shaped frame 76 and the passenger-platform 88 may have relative movement with relation to euch other, but this movement will be restricted.

' i Instead of employing the rotatable shaft 127 and the sprocket wheel 128 and the depending arm 126, I may provide the supports 86 with a Ushaped bracket 143 which is secured thereto by means of the bolts 144. The U-shaped bracket143 is provided centrally thereof with a pin 145 which is rigidly secured thereto as at 146 and whichhas its forward end arranged between the spaced ears 147 of the screw-threaded 4member 148. The screw-threaded member 148 is pivotally mounted 'u on the pin 145 by means of the bolt 148 w ich 'passes through the ears 147 and said pin. In'connection with this moditied forin of my invention it may be stated that the conncting rod 125 has its inner end screw-threaded for the reception of a turnbuckle 149 upon which is rigidlyA secured sprocket wheel 150. It is to be understood t at a chain similar to the sprocket chain 129 is trained about sprocket wheel 150 and around a sprocket wheel similar to the sprocket. wheel 130, and that the sprocket wheel 130 will in 'this instance be arranged longitudinally of the platform 88. It is also unnecessary to provide a means for preventing the rotation ofthe 'sprocket wheel 130, for the forward horizontal rudder cannot rotate the turn-buckle 149.

Rearwardly of 'the bodyplanes 1 and 2 is arranged a rear vertical rudder 151 which is pivotally connected to upper and lower supporting rods 152 and 1 .-1 respectively as at 154 and 155. The rods 152 and 153 have 'their forward endspivotally connected to the ulpper and lower planes 1 and 2 at the midd e of the rear.- edges thereof. `as at 156 at right angles to each other.

edge of the half moon vertical rudder 122 is and 157 and are further connected to said planes 1 and 2 by means of the brace rods 1:38 and 159 which have their rear ends rigidly secured to supporting rods 152 and 153 and their opposite ends ivotally connected to said planes l and 2. `he lower supporting rod 153 is provided with a vertically disposed dependiner rod 160 which engages a diagonal rod 161 a so secured to the support 153 and which is provided at the extremit thereof with a transversei strip-162 whic 1' engages the rear extended uprights 4, and thus prevents the rudder 1 51 from swinging downward. It is evident, however, that the rudder 151 is free to move upwardly, which J is a great advantage when the machine is being landed, for otherwise the rudder 151 would be liable to be broken by said landing.

The horizontal strips 48 have their rear ends braced by means of the rods 163 secured thereto and to the produced uprights 4 as at 164. The rear prolon ed uprlghts 4 are connected together by iagonal brace wires 165, and are further connected by means of braces 166 to the lower body plane 2. The prolonged uprights 3 and 4 are connected transversely of the planes 1 and 2 by means of thediagonal rods 167 which cross cach other and are connected to the uprights 3 and 4 adjacent said body plane 2 and the ends :of said uprights It is to be anderst d that the rods 1,67`are arranged outward y of the curved rods 4 9; as shown in Fig. 6.

The shaft 25 is rotated by a sprocket chain 169 which is trained about the' sprocket wheel 26t and a. sprocket wheel 4of the motor 32. The sprocket wheels 27 and 28 are provided with sprocket chains 170 which engage sprocket wheels' 171-A rigidly` mounted upon propeller shafts '-172," which are arranged upon both sides. of the opening;r 47 and-equidistantly spaced therefrom. Each of the propeller shafts 172 is provided with a propeller 173,which is arranged rearwardlyy of-plnes -1 and 2. One of the sprocket chains which is used to drive the propeller shafts is crossed so that the propeller actuated by the same will be rotated in an opposite direction from the other propeller, and this will of course necessitate the blades of the propellers being arranged Between the horizontal planes 111 and 112 of the forward Vhorizontal rudder, is arranged the vertical half-moon shaped rudder 122, -which is arranged equdistantly from the ends of said planes 111 and 112 and` comprises a forward rod 175, the ends of which are rotatably mountd in the members 106 and 107. Attached to the rear curvedv a flexible member 176 which extends llatervdirections Awil through eyes 177 secured upon the vertically arranged rods 10.51, and is then carried which arc formed upon the hulls t?. iron; which said flexible member extends down wardly and is passed th-rmrgh apex-inem: upon the -forward end of rolls 11'6 which are rigidly secured to the supports 8f3 at salir stantially `right angles thereto. By (his arrangement the vertical half-moon rn "der may be swung laterally. by the operator, nml lwill not be actuated. by the relative movement of the machine with the platform In the operation of my device the same propelled forwardly in the direction indicated by the arrow. The platform SS is locked to the U-shaped frame 76, by .the operator inserting member 139 between pins 143, and the operator may then actnatc the forward horizontal rudder for raising ihrmachine by turning the sprocket wheel 130. lrVhen the machine has been elevated to a desired height the operator may clamp thc sprocket wheel 130 in aT rigid position with relation to the platform 88. by rotating the clamping wheel 135. The operator then ar ranges the smaller member 141 between the )ins 143 and withdraws the U-shapcd memer 139 from between said pins, thus allowing the forward horizontal rudder (to be automatically actuated, but this actuation will be restricted to the movement of the member 141 between the pins 143. lVhen the. machine is flying in a. horizontgilwplane the operator removes the membernlsll from between the pins'143-al|d the machine is free to have greater relative movement with the passengenplatform 88. When the body planes 1 and 2 are tilted laterally, for instance to'the right, the equilibrium retaining plane/12 will be move'd to assume an upwardly inclined positionfand the equilibrium retaining plane 15. will be moved to assume a downwardlyinclined position with relation to the course of flight. and this movement of the return thebody planes 1 and 2 to their normal positions. lVhen the body planes 1 and 2 swing upon their transverse axes to assume inclined positions 4 to the oonrse of flight, and for the sake of illustra.` tion we assume that they are inclined downwardly, the entire machine will swing upon the bolts 84 as an axis. the arm 126 will remain rigid which will prevent movement of the connecting.r rod 125 which in turn will causethe arm 123 to be swung forwardly and the operating levers 120 to swing antiand 112 in upwardly inclined positions to the course of Hight and flex the same, whereby the machine will be returned to its normal horizontal position.

By reference to Fig. 1 it will be obvious that the passenger-platform 88 is arranged to s'wing fore and aft with respect to the planes 12 and 15 in opposite 'clockwise which will arrange the planes 111 air against the platform .8H as the speed i of the machine increases, would tend to lswing said platform Htl rearwardly, and thus the same would be unable to properly actuate the `forward horizontal rudder for' automatically retaii'iingr the equilibrium of the machine to its course of' flight. To overcome this I have provided the flexible mem ber 97 which is connected to the coil spring 98 and which has its rear end adjustably connected to the passengcr-platform 8S. The purpose of the flexible member 97 and the spring .)8 is to overcome the ressnre exerted by the air upon the plat orm 88 during the flight of the machine, so that the platform 88 may properly actuate the forward horizontal rudder mechanism. Vt'hen the machine is flying in a straight 'line and in a horizontal plane, the same may turned to the right or left 'by the operator actuating the flexible member 176 laterally, whereby .said half-moon Shaped rudder may be swung laterally in either direction. The" rear vertical rudder 151 serves as a guide wherebybthe machine is adapted to normally fly ina straight line.

It is to be understood that I may construct my machineA of any suitable material having sufficient strength and lightness, The body planes 1 and 2 may be formed of a frame upon which is secured a fabric covering, and' this fabric covering is forced by pressure to present an upper convex surfac'e.

Having fully described my invention what I claim is,

1. .ln a flying machine of the character described, the combination of supcrposed planes arranged transversely to the course of flight and forming the body portion of' the machine. of a forward horizontal rudder mechanism for preventing said superposed planes from being tilted at an' angle to the course of flight of the machine, a transversely arranged frame disposed near the lower of said superposed planes, supports pivotally suspended from the upper of said superposed planes and carrying upon' their lower end a passengecplatform arranged within said frame, connecting means between Asaid platform and said horizontal vrudder mechanism whereby the former may be automatically actuated by the latter, and means whereby said connecting means may be made manually operative, 'substantially as described. i

2. In a flying machine of the' character described, the combination with superposed body planesLof aV forward horizontal rudder mechanism, a swinging platform arranged forwardly of said superposed net-.ting means between said horizontal rudder mechanism and said platform comprisingrI a connecting rod, means for locking said lanes, con-` platform in a rigid position, and means 'for moting said connecting r'od toward Bald platform after the sume has been locked, substantially as described.

3. ln a flying machine of t-he character described, the combination with superposed body planes. arranged transversely to the course of flight, of a horizontal rudder n'ierrhanism for preventing said body planes from tilting longitudinally to the course of flight, a platforiu swingingly mounted forwa rdly of said body planes adapted to move fore and aft with relation thereto, connecting means between said platform and said horizontal rudder mechanism, and means for equalizing resistance exerted against said platform during the `fli ht of the machine, substantially as descri d.

4. In a flying machine of the character described, the combination with superposed body planes, arranged transversely to the course of Hight, of a horizontal forwardly arranged rudder mechanism for preventing said body planes from tilting longitudinally to the course of flight, a-swin 'ng member mo11nted.forwardly of said bo y planes and adapted to more fore and` aft with relation thereto, connecting meansV between said swinging merber and said horizontal' rudder, comprising a connecting rod, means connecting said connecting rod. to said swinging member comprising a turn buckle, andV means for rotating said turn buckle, substantially as described.

5. InV a flying machine of the character described, the `combination with body planos arranged transversely to the course 'of flight of a horizontal rudder mechanism arranged forwardly of said body planes and, adapted to prevent said bod-yplanes fromtilting longitudinally to the course of flight, a platform swingingly mounted and adaptedto move fore and aft with relation to said body planes suspended from the upper of said ports. a sprocket wheel arranged upon said turn buckle, a sprocket wheeljmounted upon said platform provided with a sprocket chain in, engagement with said first named sprocket wheel, and means fbr locking saidA platform in a relatively rigidiposition, substantially as described. t

G. In a flying machine of the character described, the combination with superposed body planes arranged 'transversely to the course of flight, of a forward horizontal rudder mechanism for preventing Asaid body places from being tilted longitudinally'to the course of flight, a frame arranged near the lower of saidsuperposed body plnnashav rudder meqhanism, means for connecting said platforn to Said frame cmnprising a member secured to said frame and haring a body portion provided with an outer U- shaped portion pirotally mounted thereon, a

10 smaller member pivotally mounted upon said body portion adapted for arrangement within said U-shaped portion, and spared pins secured to said platform between which said U-shaped member and said smaller l5 member are adapted to be arranged, substantially as described.

T. In a dying machine, body planes 'arranged transverselyto the course of flight, equilibrium retaining planes,l arranged between said body planes, a motor platform pivotally connected to one of said body planes, connecting n eans between said motor platform and said equilibrium retaining planes to actuate the latter in opposite diret-tions, a forward rudder mechanism, a

swinging passenger platform, connecting means between said rudder mechanism and dpassenger platform, and means for locking said passenger platform in a relatively rigid position to allow of the manual actuation o'f said last named connecting means.

8. In a fiying machine, a gliding structure, a movable plane to raise and lower said gliding structure, a pendant structure connection With the gliding structure, connecting means between the pendant structure and movable plane, and adjustable means to lock the pendant structure against n ovement with relation to the glidingr structure and the locking means being adapted to be operated to permit said pendant struetnre to have a restricted movement,

9. In a flying machine, superposed body planes, a rudder mechanism, a Swingin platform, connecting means between sai swinging platform and rudder mechanism, and means to compensate for the resistance exerted upon said swinging platform during the flight of the machine.

10. ln a fiying machine, a body plane ar ranged transversely to the course of flight, a rudder mechanism associated with Suid body plane, a swinging platform, connecting means between said platform and rudder mechanism, and adjustable means to compensate for the resistance exerted upon said swinging platform during the flight of the machine.

1l. In a flying machine, a gliding structure, a movable plane to raise and lower said gliding structure, a pendant structure connected with the gliding Stri'leture, connecting means between the pendant strueture and said movable plane, means to lock the pendant strut-ture against movement with relation to the gliding structure, and

manually operated means for actuating said renin-cling means when the pendant structure is in its locked position.

l). In a flying machine, a gliding structure, a n ovable plane to raise and lower the gliding structure, means to operate the morable plane including a pendant structure connected with the gliding structure to swing fore and aft with relation thereto, and means including an elastic member to coimiensate for the resistance offered to the pendant structure during the flight of the machine.

ln testimony'whereof I aflix my signaf ture in presence of two witnesses.

AUGUSTUS F. lV. MACMANUS.

lvitnesses:

B. GRAY, A. J. WELLS. 

